CD4 Ligation Promotes the IL-4-Independent Development of IL-4-Producing Clones from Naive CD4+ T Cells

Development of IL-4-Producing Clones from CD4 Ligation Promotes the IL-4-Independent

OX40 costimulation enhances interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression at priming and promotes the differentiation of naive human CD4(+) T cells into high IL-4-producing effectors.

Th2 cell development is critically dependent on the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) at priming. The cellular origin and the mechanisms regulating this early production of IL-4 at the site of naive T-cell priming are extensively investigated. We previously reported that anti-CD3-activated and CD28-costimulated naive human CD4(+) T cells themselves release very low but sufficient levels of IL-4 ...

Interleukin (IL)-6 Directs the Differentiation of IL-4–producing CD4+ T Cells

Interleukin (IL)-4 is the most potent factor that causes naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate to the T helper cell (Th) 2 phenotype, while IL-12 and interferon gamma trigger the differentiation of Th1 cells. However, the source of the initial polarizing IL-4 remains unclear. Here, we show that IL-6, probably secreted by antigen-presenting cells, is able to polarize naive CD4+ T cells to effector...

Naive CD4 T Cells In Vivo Development of IL-4-Producing T Cells from B7-Independent Antigen-Specific Can Induce Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Development and characterization of IL-21–producing CD4+ T cells

It has recently been shown that interleukin (IL)-21 is produced by Th17 cells, functions as an autocrine growth factor for Th17 cells, and plays critical roles in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the differentiation and characteristics of IL-21-producing CD4(+) T cells by intracellular staining. Unexpectedly, we found that under Th17-polarizing conditions, the majority of IL-...